Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards, Merits and Wind.
Impact Factor:
3.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.0 (2022)
Latest Articles
Massese, Sarda and Lacaune Dairy Sheep Breeds: An Environmental Impact Comparison
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4941; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124941 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
The dairy sheep sector is an important sector in semiarid and arid areas. So far, the environmental impact of sheep milk production in these areas is scarcely known. This study aimed to assess the environmental impact of milk production on three farms that
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The dairy sheep sector is an important sector in semiarid and arid areas. So far, the environmental impact of sheep milk production in these areas is scarcely known. This study aimed to assess the environmental impact of milk production on three farms that differ in the breed reared, namely Sarda (S), Lacaune (L) and Massese (M), in Tuscany (a Mediterranean region in central Italy). The Life Cycle Assessment methodology was applied to calculate the environmental performance of the farms, and the following impact categories were studied: climate change, freshwater, marine and terrestrial eutrophication, acidification, water use and land use. The L farm showed the lowest values for most impact categories and the M farm the highest. These results can be attributed to the greater productivity and efficiency of the L breed compared to the other two. Only for water use did the M farm cause a lower impact, underscoring the importance of applying characterization factors at the sub-watershed level.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Precision Agriculture: Latest Advances and Prospects)
Open AccessArticle
Sustainable Value Chain for Sustainable Lending of State-Owned Banks in Indonesia
by
Kepas Antoni Adrianus Manurung, Hermanto Siregar, Idqan Fahmi and Dedi Budiman Hakim
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4940; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124940 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Banks have enormous potential to support the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in accordance with their function as financial intermediaries through sustainable lending. However, the average national financing growth for the sustainable business activity category over the past four years is still
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Banks have enormous potential to support the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in accordance with their function as financial intermediaries through sustainable lending. However, the average national financing growth for the sustainable business activity category over the past four years is still 12%. The aim of this research is to identify the conditions of sustainable lending at state-owned conventional banks and analyze the influence of the value chain, economic performance, and ESG performance on sustainable lending. The research was conducted at state-owned commercial banks in Indonesia. The research utilized structural equation modeling (SEM). The SEM results of this study describe value chain, ESG performance (environmental, social, and governance), and economic performance and have direct and positive influences on sustainable lending, of which ESG performance has the biggest influence. As per each individual aspect, social orientation makes the biggest contribution toward sustainable lending.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Business Transformation: ESG, Sustainable and Impact Investments and New Sustainable Business Models)
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Open AccessArticle
Flexibility Value of Multimodal Hydrogen Energy Utilization in Electric–Hydrogen–Thermal Systems
by
Changcheng Li, Haoran Li, Hao Yue, Jinfeng Lv and Jian Zhang
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4939; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124939 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is now a crucial technological option for decarbonizing energy systems. Comprehensive utilization is a typical mode of hydrogen energy deployment, leveraging its excellent conversion capabilities. Hydrogen is often used in combination with electrical and thermal energy. However, current hydrogen utilization modes
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Hydrogen energy is now a crucial technological option for decarbonizing energy systems. Comprehensive utilization is a typical mode of hydrogen energy deployment, leveraging its excellent conversion capabilities. Hydrogen is often used in combination with electrical and thermal energy. However, current hydrogen utilization modes are relatively singular, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency and high wind curtailment rates. To improve energy utilization efficiency and promote the development of hydrogen energy, we discuss three utilization modes of hydrogen energy, including hydrogen storage, integration into a fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system, and hydrogen methanation. We propose a hydrogen energy system with multimodal utilization and integrate it into an electrolytic hydrogen–thermal integrated energy system (EHT-IES). A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization scheduling model for the EHT-IES is developed and solved using the Cplex solver to improve the operational feasibility of the EHT-IES, focusing on minimizing economic costs and reducing wind curtailment rates. Case studies in northwest China verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. By comparing various utilization modes, energy storage methods, and scenarios, this study demonstrated that integrating a hydrogen energy system with multimodal utilization into the EHT-IES offers significant technical benefits. It enhances energy utilization efficiency and promotes the absorption of wind energy, thereby increasing the flexibility of the EHT-IES.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage and Integration of Renewable Energy Systems towards Energy Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
Spatial Analysis and Risk Assessment of Meteorological Disasters Affecting Cotton Cultivation in Xinjiang: A Comprehensive Model Approach
by
Ping Zhang, Zhuo Chen, Gang Ding, Jiaqi Fang, Jinglong Fan and Shengyu Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4938; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124938 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
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A systematic understanding of the spatial distribution of meteorological disasters that affect cotton growth, such as rainstorms, gales, and hail, is important for reducing plant losses and promoting sustainable development. Our study aimed to evaluate the risk of meteorological disasters during cotton growth
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A systematic understanding of the spatial distribution of meteorological disasters that affect cotton growth, such as rainstorms, gales, and hail, is important for reducing plant losses and promoting sustainable development. Our study aimed to evaluate the risk of meteorological disasters during cotton growth and analyze their spatial distribution and driving factors. A risk assessment model for major meteorological disasters during cotton cultivation in Xinjiang was established by integrating entropy weight methods and an analytic hierarchy process. A cotton meteorological disaster risk assessment index system, including the vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies, hazards of disaster-causing factors, and exposure of disaster-bearing bodies, was constructed using Google Earth Engine. We determined the comprehensive risk levels of major meteorological disasters for cotton in various regions of Xinjiang. Research shows that the selection of indicators is very important, and crop risk assessment with a clear disaster-bearing body can make the results more accurate. It is necessary to consider the risk assessment of multiple disaster species for meteorological disaster risk assessment. The results revealed spatial differences in the meteorological disaster risk for cotton in 2020. The very high and high risks for cotton accounted for 42% of the cotton planting area, mainly distributed in Karamay, Tacheng, Kashgar, Changjizhou, Kezhou, and Ilizhou. Consequently, this study provides a scientific basis for cotton cultivation in Xinjiang, China.
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Open AccessArticle
Trend Changes and the Driving Forces of Environmental Indicators in Countries Worldwide: A Structural Change Analysis of Variations in CO2 Emissions and Eco-Efficiency
by
Yasunori Ito and Hidemichi Fujii
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4937; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124937 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Many authors state that climate change is driven by increasing CO2 emissions worldwide. An understanding of the major driving forces affecting emissions over time in both developed and developing countries is important. Thus, in this study, structural break analysis is used to
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Many authors state that climate change is driven by increasing CO2 emissions worldwide. An understanding of the major driving forces affecting emissions over time in both developed and developing countries is important. Thus, in this study, structural break analysis is used to identify when the trends of environmental indicators—CO2 emissions and environmental efficiency (EE)—across countries worldwide change. Our findings revealed notable structural breaks occurring in countries in 1994, coinciding with ballooning fossil energy prices. Regarding CO2, 55 of 143 countries experienced a structural break. Furthermore, another wave of structural breaks emerged in 2014, corresponding to the implementation of CO2 emission reduction plans by certain nations. For CO2, 64 of 143 countries experienced a structural break. Upon detecting breakpoints and their trends, we utilized LMDI factor decomposition analysis to discern their driving factors, thereby elucidating the underlying dynamics. In Latin America and the Caribbean, most breakpoints were undesirable shifts, but recently, desirable shifts have increased in North America, Oceania, and Europe, which include many countries with high economic levels, improving energy-related factors. Sub-Saharan Africa can also be said to have undergone an undesirable shift regarding energy-related factors. This study clarifies the precise influences on the trend of CO2 emissions at the global level by identifying the point in time when there is a significant statistical, rather than a subjective, breakpoint.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Saving, Low Carbon and Sustainable Economy)
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Open AccessArticle
Comparison and Selection of Wet Waste Disposal Modes for Villages in Agriculture-Related Towns Taking Shanghai, China, as an Example
by
Yiyao Ni and Zhen Zhang
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4936; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124936 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Under the increasingly stringent regulatory constraints, wet waste disposal in agriculture-related towns has become a significant issue. Based on fieldwork in three agriculture-related towns and nine villages located in Shanghai, this paper analyzes the economics and greenhouse gas emissions of three wet waste
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Under the increasingly stringent regulatory constraints, wet waste disposal in agriculture-related towns has become a significant issue. Based on fieldwork in three agriculture-related towns and nine villages located in Shanghai, this paper analyzes the economics and greenhouse gas emissions of three wet waste disposal methods, including centralized disposal, on-site disposal by biogas digesters, and on-site disposal by small-scale biochemical processors, and compares these alternatives by combining various factors, aiming to help decision makers in selecting the optimal alternative. The net present value approach was employed to evaluate the economic aspects of the three disposal methods. The greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using life cycle assessment, life cycle inventory, and the IPCC guidelines. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method was employed for a multi-criteria decision-making analysis based on five factors, including economics, greenhouse gas emission control, stability, compliance with environmental regulations, and location feasibility. The results revealed that although centralized disposal is not as good as on-site disposal by biogas digesters in terms of economics and greenhouse gas emissions, centralized disposal is still the optimal alternative according to the results of multi-criteria decision making. The tightening of regulatory constraints will internalize the negative externalities of on-site wet waste disposal. Thus, centralized disposal is the method of wet waste disposal that is most consistent with the regulatory constraints and most sustainable. It is worth emphasizing that policymakers should fully assess the impact of tightening regulations on the selection of wet waste disposal methods, establish a homogenous waste disposal system covering both urban and rural areas, and enhance the management of existing on-site disposal facilities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Issue on Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability)
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Open AccessArticle
Green Emotion: Incorporating Emotional Perception in Green Marketing to Increase Green Furniture Purchase Intentions
by
Sulan Yu, Zhen Zhong, Yalin Zhu and Jing Sun
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4935; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124935 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
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The industrialization process has led to environmental deterioration, which has created challenges for sustainable development. However, there is an increasing inclination to purchase green furniture as a sustainable form of furniture. Hence, investigating the determinants of consumers’ intention to purchase green furniture is
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The industrialization process has led to environmental deterioration, which has created challenges for sustainable development. However, there is an increasing inclination to purchase green furniture as a sustainable form of furniture. Hence, investigating the determinants of consumers’ intention to purchase green furniture is beneficial for promoting the adoption of sustainable furniture. Previous research has examined the functional aspects of purchasing behavior using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), while giving less consideration to affective elements. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the intention of future users to purchase green furniture, explicitly focusing on emotional perception. This study utilized the PAD three-dimensional emotion model. A novel conceptual model was developed, drawing upon the findings of the literature review. This study employed the questionnaire method to collect data, resulting in 412 valid samples. The collected data were then analyzed and processed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 3.0 software. Additionally, the mediating influence of the variables was examined using the bootstrap method. The results suggested that the perceived pleasure, arousal, and dominance all had a substantial influence on the beneficial effect of green furniture elements on purchase intention. Among these factors, pleasure (PP) had the strongest mediating effect on the relationship between green brand image (GBI) and purchase intention (PI). Arousal (PA) had the strongest mediating effect on the relationship between eco-innovation (EI) and purchase intention (PI). Dominance (PD) had the strongest mediating effect on the relationship between purchase customization (PC) and purchase intention (PI). Furthermore, this paper examined the disparities between the characteristics of green furniture and conventional furniture in terms of their ability to stimulate emotional responses and influence consumers’ intention to purchase. This study revealed that green features (GF) have a greater capacity to evoke emotional responses in consumers, consequently impacting their intention to purchase green furniture. The study’s findings have both theoretical implications and practical relevance. In theory, these findings enhance the theoretical framework of purchase intention for green furniture. In practice, they provide specific ideas and recommendations for green furniture companies to develop emotional marketing strategies.
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Open AccessArticle
The Role of ESG Ratings in Shaping Chinese Investors’ Decision-Making Behavior: An Analysis from the Fund Signaling Perspective
by
Wenzhou Qu and Zekai Su
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4934; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124934 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
In order to promote the healthy development of China’s fund market and alleviate the phenomenon of “funds make money, investors don’t”, this paper explores the impact and economic consequences of fund signals on investors’ decisions in China. An analysis of quarterly Chinese fund
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In order to promote the healthy development of China’s fund market and alleviate the phenomenon of “funds make money, investors don’t”, this paper explores the impact and economic consequences of fund signals on investors’ decisions in China. An analysis of quarterly Chinese fund data from January 2010 to December 2022 finds that Chinese investors tend to rely on strong signals and flow their money to highly rated or high-yielding funds. Sustainability is an integral part of ESG ratings, which have gradually become a focal point in the international investment market, but the lack of a platform to display ESG ratings in China has prevented investors from effectively utilizing these ratings in their investment decisions. The study also found that individual investors prefer short- and medium-term returns, while both institutional and individual investors chase ratings, with individual investors relying more on these signals. In addition, strong signals are not effective in predicting fund performance returns, while ESG ratings show significant positive predictive effects, validating the irrational preference of Chinese investors to blindly follow strong signals.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
Open AccessReview
Considerations for Eco-LeanSat Satellite Manufacturing and Recycling
by
Jeimmy Nataly Buitrago-Leiva, Adriano Camps and Alvaro Moncada Niño
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4933; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124933 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
This research aims to contribute to the development of the Eco-LeanSat concept by focusing on a sustainable approach to satellite manufacturing and the repurposing of remaining satellite capabilities after failure. Despite satellites no longer being suitable for their original purposes, these remaining capabilities
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This research aims to contribute to the development of the Eco-LeanSat concept by focusing on a sustainable approach to satellite manufacturing and the repurposing of remaining satellite capabilities after failure. Despite satellites no longer being suitable for their original purposes, these remaining capabilities can find new applications. The study begins by identifying relevant innovative eco-design applications. Subsequently, it examines sustainability within the satellite lifecycle supply chain, categorizing it into four methods: (1) active debris removal, (2) transport logistics, (3) mission extension, and (4) repair and construction. Aligned with emerging trends in space activities, the study also considers future developments to maximize satellites’ potential to provide new services. Additionally, the research includes a description of a potential lean manufacturing process that encompasses logistic chains to support the development of a more sustainable space economy. Finally, the study concludes with a technological survey tracing the evolution of the development of the SmallSat and CubeSat platforms that identifies relevant innovative designs for a sustainable space environment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)
Open AccessArticle
Simplicity Matters: Unraveling the Impact of Minimalist Packaging on Green Trust in Daily Consumer Goods
by
Yuechun Ding, Xing Meng and Cong Sun
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4932; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124932 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
This study delves into the complex dynamics of consumer attitudes toward sustainable products, particularly within the fast-moving consumer goods category, highlighting the significant correlation between elegant and minimalist design aesthetics and the establishment of green trust in sustainable product offerings. Interestingly, while visually
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This study delves into the complex dynamics of consumer attitudes toward sustainable products, particularly within the fast-moving consumer goods category, highlighting the significant correlation between elegant and minimalist design aesthetics and the establishment of green trust in sustainable product offerings. Interestingly, while visually complex packaging may capture visual attention, it does not generate higher levels of green trust compared to simpler alternatives within the same product category. The findings underscore the importance of simple packaging design in mitigating consumer skepticism toward manipulative intentions and enhancing trust in sustainable products. Furthermore, this research reveals that individuals with higher levels of expertise possess deeper insights in perceiving complexity as a potential form of manipulation, thereby exacerbating skepticism toward sustainable products. In summary, the research outcomes guide sustainable product packaging design, emphasizing alternative solutions to convoluted designs that may lead to confusion. The effectiveness of simple design expression in sustainable products is emphasized, fostering the transition toward sustainable business efficacy and long-term development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Product Design, Manufacturing and Management)
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Open AccessArticle
Can Green Finance Be a Regulator of “Water–Energy–Food” Synergy? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta
by
Yuchao Wang
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4931; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124931 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
The synergistic relationship between water, energy, and food faces increasing challenges. Green finance as a policy tool promotes high-quality and efficient development of water, energy, and food subsystems. However, whether it can improve the synergistic relationship of “water–energy–food” (WEF) still needs to be
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The synergistic relationship between water, energy, and food faces increasing challenges. Green finance as a policy tool promotes high-quality and efficient development of water, energy, and food subsystems. However, whether it can improve the synergistic relationship of “water–energy–food” (WEF) still needs to be studied. Using the panel data of 38 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2013 to 2021, and network DEA and panel regression models, we study the impact of green finance on the level of synergy of “water–energy–food”. The results of the study show that green finance can promote the synergy level of “water–energy–food” in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster, which was first inhibited and then promoted from 2013 to 2021. The impacts of green finance on the efficiency of the three subsystems are also characterized by a “U” shape. However, linear impacts show differences, with green finance improving the efficiency of the water subsystem but not the energy and food subsystems. The implementation of China’s national strategies empowers green finance. The digital strategy, the “dual carbon” strategy, and the new urbanization strategy have increased the effectiveness of green finance in contributing to the level of water–energy–food synergy. Regional heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of green finance mainly exists in non-resource-based cities, non-main grain-producing areas, and non-cities along the South-to-North water diversion route and large cities. Finally, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development Challenges and Future Trends of Water–Energy–Food Nexus)
Open AccessArticle
Greening Automation: Policy Recommendations for Sustainable Development in AI-Driven Industries
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Nicoleta Mihaela Doran, Gabriela Badareu, Marius Dalian Doran, Maria Enescu, Anamaria Liliana Staicu and Mariana Niculescu
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4930; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124930 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
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This study delves into the dynamic relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and environmental performance, with a specific focus on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across European countries from 2012 to 2022. Utilizing data on industrial robots, AI companies, and AI investments, we examine how
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This study delves into the dynamic relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and environmental performance, with a specific focus on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across European countries from 2012 to 2022. Utilizing data on industrial robots, AI companies, and AI investments, we examine how AI adoption influences GHG emissions. Preliminary analyses, including ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and diagnostic assessments, were conducted to ensure data adequacy and model readiness. Subsequently, the Elastic Net (ENET) regression model was employed to mitigate overfitting issues and enhance model robustness. Our findings reveal intriguing trends, such as a downward trajectory in GHG emissions correlating with increased AI investment levels and industrial robot deployment. Graphical representations further elucidate the evolution of coefficients and cross-validation errors, providing valuable insights into the relationship between AI and environmental sustainability. These findings offer policymakers actionable insights for leveraging AI technologies to foster sustainable development strategies.
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Open AccessArticle
Custom-Trained Large Language Models as Open Educational Resources: An Exploratory Research of a Business Management Educational Chatbot in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Nikša Alfirević, Daniela Garbin Praničević and Mirela Mabić
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4929; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124929 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
This paper explores the contribution of custom-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to developing Open Education Resources (OERs) in higher education. Our empirical analysis is based on the case of a custom LLM specialized for teaching business management in higher education. This custom LLM
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This paper explores the contribution of custom-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to developing Open Education Resources (OERs) in higher education. Our empirical analysis is based on the case of a custom LLM specialized for teaching business management in higher education. This custom LLM has been conceptualized as a virtual teaching companion, aimed to serve as an OER, and trained using the authors’ licensed educational materials. It has been designed without coding or specialized machine learning tools using the commercially available ChatGPT Plus tool and a third-party Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot delivery service. This new breed of AI tools has the potential for wide implementation, as they can be designed by faculty using only conventional LLM prompting techniques in plain English. This paper focuses on the opportunities for custom-trained LLMs to create Open Educational Resources (OERs) and democratize academic teaching and learning. Our approach to AI chatbot evaluation is based on a mixed-mode approach, combining a qualitative analysis of expert opinions with a subsequent (quantitative) student survey. We have collected and analyzed responses from four subject experts and 204 business students at the Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism Split (Croatia) and Faculty of Economics Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina). We used thematic analysis in the qualitative segment of our research. In the quantitative segment of empirical research, we used statistical methods and the SPSS 25 software package to analyze student responses to the modified BUS-15 questionnaire. Research results show that students positively evaluate the business management learning chatbot and consider it useful and responsive. However, interviewed experts raised concerns about the adequacy of chatbot answers to complex queries. They suggested that the custom-trained LLM lags behind the generic LLMs (such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and others). These findings suggest that custom LLMs might be useful tools for developing OERs in higher education. However, their training data, conversational capabilities, technical execution, and response speed must be monitored and improved. Since this research presents a novelty in the extant literature on AI in education, it requires further research on custom GPTs in education, including their use in multiple academic disciplines and contexts.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Open Educational Practices for AI in Education)
Open AccessArticle
Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Electric Vehicle Modeling: Investigating the Effect of Vehicle Design on Energy Consumption and Efficiency
by
Eyyup Aslan, Yusuf Yasa, Yunus Meseci, Fatma Keskin Arabul and Ahmet Yigit Arabul
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4928; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124928 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
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In this study, an electric vehicle (EV) dynamic model is devised that amalgamates mechanical design aspects—such as aerodynamic effects, tire friction, and vehicle frontal area—with crucial components of the electrical infrastructure, including the electric motor, power converters, and battery systems. Verification of the
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In this study, an electric vehicle (EV) dynamic model is devised that amalgamates mechanical design aspects—such as aerodynamic effects, tire friction, and vehicle frontal area—with crucial components of the electrical infrastructure, including the electric motor, power converters, and battery systems. Verification of the model is executed through a comprehensive multidisciplinary analysis utilizing CATIA, ANSYS Electromagnetics, ANSYS Fluent, and MATLAB–Simulink tools, which are applied to evaluate two alternative lightweight EV prototypes. The process involves initial computations of critical inputs for the dynamic model, including aerodynamic lift (C1), drag coefficients (Cd), and frontal area (Af). Subsequent stages entail the detailed design and analysis of a 2 kW brushless permanent magnet electric motor in ANSYS Electromagnetics to map efficiency contours across various speed–torque values. Integration of these parameters into a MATLAB–Simulink dynamic model, connected with motor drive inverter and battery models, allows for simulation-based energy consumption analysis under race track slope profiles. Remarkably, the findings underscore the considerable impact of neglected parameters on energy consumption, often exceeding fifty percent of the total. Consequently, an energy-efficient EV prototype is manufactured and rigorously tested under specified drive conditions, affirming the validation of the comprehensive multidisciplinary EV dynamic model.
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Open AccessArticle
The Effect of ESG Performance on Bank Liquidity Risk
by
Jiaze Liu and Jifei Xie
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4927; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124927 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Abstract: In recent years, investors have increasingly focused on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of businesses, driven by the rising importance of social and environmental challenges. This trend highlights the critical role of ESG factors in the financial sector. This study
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Abstract: In recent years, investors have increasingly focused on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of businesses, driven by the rising importance of social and environmental challenges. This trend highlights the critical role of ESG factors in the financial sector. This study leverages stakeholder theory, risk management theory, and ESG investment theory, utilising financial data and ESG scores from Chinese listed banks to comprehensively analyse ESG elements and examine their impact on the liquidity risk of commercial banks. The results show that: (1) Enhanced ESG performance can mitigate liquidity risk in commercial banks by reducing the proportion of non-performing loans and improving overall financial performance. (2) By standardising and implementing sustainable business practices, ESG elements can improve commercial banks’ liquidity management levels and lessen the incidence and effects of liquidity risk. As a result, it is critical to lower banks’ liquidity risk and support the long-term growth of commercial banks from five angles: information disclosure, differentiated reform, digital transformation, education and training, and international cooperation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Analysis and Decision Making for Sustainable Development)
Open AccessArticle
The Effects of Global Market Changes on Automotive Manufacturing and Embedded Software
by
Pavle Dakić, Igor Stupavský and Vladimir Todorović
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4926; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124926 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
The procedures used to create modern cars require extensive thought in various relevant scientific domains. Arguably, the most challenging obstacle facing the automobile sector is the management of production facilities by integrating software production lines, continuous integration, and continuous delivery/continuous deployment (CI/CD). All
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The procedures used to create modern cars require extensive thought in various relevant scientific domains. Arguably, the most challenging obstacle facing the automobile sector is the management of production facilities by integrating software production lines, continuous integration, and continuous delivery/continuous deployment (CI/CD). All this is determined by market demands, the engine of a vehicle, and the complexity of assembling the entire car and installing its corresponding embedded software. As a result, concerns about various types of global change have grown, as has the lack of the ability to use fossil fuels, creating a substantial impact on the purchase and sale of modern automobiles. The research foundation is reflected in covering strategies for the deployment and administration of software, as well as opportunities for business improvement in particular production processes. This article strives to provide a summary of a scientific investigation of original equipment manufacturers, market segmentation, and the effects of global market changes on automotive manufacturing by examining the correlation between certain changes in the purchase of a specific brand and the powertrain of a vehicle. The research examines numerous datasets from the United States of America and Washington State, based on which we estimate possible future changes in the automotive industry’s sales.
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Open AccessArticle
Continuous Power Management of Decentralized DC Microgrid Based on Transitional Operation Modes under System Uncertainty and Sensor Failure
by
Seong-Bae Jo, Dat Thanh Tran, Muhammad Alif Miraj Jabbar, Myungbok Kim and Kyeong-Hwa Kim
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4925; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124925 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Continuous power management for a decentralized DC microgrid (DCMG) is proposed in this study to achieve power balance and voltage regulation even under system uncertainty and voltage sensor failure. The DCMG system achieves continuous power management through only the primary controller to reduce
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Continuous power management for a decentralized DC microgrid (DCMG) is proposed in this study to achieve power balance and voltage regulation even under system uncertainty and voltage sensor failure. The DCMG system achieves continuous power management through only the primary controller to reduce the computational burden of each power agent. To enhance the reliability and resilience of the DCMG system under DC bus voltage (DCV) sensor failure, a DCV sensor fault detection algorithm is suggested. In this algorithm, DCV sensor failure is detected by comparing the measured DCV with the estimated DCV. If power agents identify the failure of the DCV sensor, it changes the operation properly according to the proposed control mode decision algorithm to guarantee the stability of the DCMG system. When uncertain conditions like sudden grid disconnection, DCV sensor failure, electricity price change, power variation in distributed generations, and critical battery status occur, the DCMG system is changed to transitional operation modes. These transitional operation modes are employed to transmit the power agent information to other agents without digital communication links (DCLs) and to accomplish power sharing even under such uncertain conditions. In the transitional operation modes of the DCMG system, the DCV levels are temporarily shifted to an appropriate level, enabling each power agent to detect the uncertainty conditions, and subsequently to determine its operation modes based on the DCV levels. The reliability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are confirmed via various simulation and experimental tests under different operating conditions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Technologies and Microgrids)
Open AccessArticle
How and When Does Engaging Customers in Environmental Sustainability Pay Off? The Role of Business Strategy
by
Mohammed Aldossary, Mansour Alyahya and Gomaa Agag
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4924; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124924 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
This study explores the influence of consumer engagement for sustainability purposes on customer satisfaction and firm performance. Our study utilized unique actual data on the study variables to test these relationships in the context of S&P 500 firms. We collected data from 405
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This study explores the influence of consumer engagement for sustainability purposes on customer satisfaction and firm performance. Our study utilized unique actual data on the study variables to test these relationships in the context of S&P 500 firms. We collected data from 405 firms from 2013 to 2022. The analysis revealed that customer engagement is positively related to firm performance and customer satisfaction. The OLS approach demonstrated that a one-unit increase in CE resulted in an 8.1% improvement in company value and a 4.7% improvement in customer satisfaction. It also revealed that the relationship between customer engagement and firm performance is stronger when the company integrates climate change into their strategies. These findings offer meaningful implications for theory and practice in the context of sustainability.
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(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Optimizing Components Selection in Blended Learning: Toward Sustainable Students Engagement and Success
by
Ali Saleh Alammary
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4923; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124923 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Selecting the most appropriate components for a blended learning course is a multifaceted challenge influenced by various criteria. The impact of these influential criteria on the design process is not always obvious. The aim of this study is to assist academics in designing
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Selecting the most appropriate components for a blended learning course is a multifaceted challenge influenced by various criteria. The impact of these influential criteria on the design process is not always obvious. The aim of this study is to assist academics in designing sustainable and engaging blended courses by investigating the impact of these criteria on the selection of blended learning components. By selecting the right mix of components, academics can foster a sustainable and meaningful involvement of students in their learning process over time, ensuring that students’ engagement is both enduring and beneficial in achieving academic success. A modified Delphi survey was utilized in this study, involving the participation of eighteen experts experienced in instructional design and online teaching. The analysis primarily relied on quantitative methods, utilizing the mean (to indicate central tendency) and standard deviation (to measure dispersion) for presenting the experts’ responses. Additionally, qualitative analysis of experts’ comments provided deeper insights into their quantitative ratings. Findings indicate that face-to-face collaborative activities should be the preferred method of delivery for academics aiming to enhance students’ engagement and foster their higher-order thinking skills, which students often find challenging. However, this approach is most effective when the group size is manageable. For larger student groups, online collaborative work can be a suitable alternative, provided there is ample online resource support. The results also indicate that online self-paced learning can be advantageous for lower-order thinking learning outcomes, particularly in situations where teaching staff is limited.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Education for Sustainable Development: Current Issues and Future Implications 2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
High-Temperature Characteristics of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt and High-Temperature Performance Prediction Analysis of Its Mixtures
by
Meiyan Huang, Jianguo Wei, Yuming Zhou, Ping Li, Jinming Li, Haolong Ju and Song Shi
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 4922; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124922 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
To promote the application of economical and sustainable polyphosphoric acid (PPA)-modified asphalt in road engineering, styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and PPA were used to prepare PPA/SBS and PPA/SBR composite-modified asphalts, which were tested and the data analyzed. Fourier transform infrared
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To promote the application of economical and sustainable polyphosphoric acid (PPA)-modified asphalt in road engineering, styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and PPA were used to prepare PPA/SBS and PPA/SBR composite-modified asphalts, which were tested and the data analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) tests were carried out to study the modification mechanisms of the composite-modified asphalts, and the high-temperature performance of the PPA-modified asphalt and asphalt mixtures was analyzed by dynamic shear rheology (DSR) tests and wheel tracking tests. A gray correlation analysis and a back-propagation (BP) neural network were utilized to construct a prediction model of the high-temperature performance of the asphalt and asphalt mixtures. The test results indicate that PPA chemically interacts with the base asphalt and physically integrates with SBS and SBR. The PPA-modified asphalt has a higher decomposition temperature than the base asphalt, indicating superior thermal stability. As the PPA dosage increases, the G*/sinδ value of the PPA-modified asphalt also increases. In particular, when 0.6% PPA is combined with 2% SBS/SBR, it surpasses the high-temperature performance achieved with 4% SBS/SBR, suggesting that PPA may be a good alternative for polymer modifiers. In addition, the creep recovery of PPA-modified asphalt is influenced by the stress level, and as the stress increases, the R-value decreases, resulting in reduced elastic deformation. Furthermore, the BP neural network model achieved a fit of 0.991 in predicting dynamic stability, with a mean percentage of relative error (MAPE) of 6.15% between measured and predicted values. This underscores the feasibility of using BP neural networks in predictive dynamic stability models.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Pavement Engineering and Road Materials)
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